Hib disease
A bacterial infection that can cause meningitis and pneumonia in young children.
Reviewed by TinyDose editorial team
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterium that can cause serious infections in young children, including meningitis, pneumonia and a dangerous swelling of the throat called epiglottitis. Before routine vaccination, Hib was a leading cause of childhood meningitis. Hib protection is built into the Pentavalent and Hexavalent combination vaccines.
Symptoms
- High fever
- Drowsiness or unusual irritability
- Stiff neck and sensitivity to light (with meningitis)
- Rapid or difficult breathing (with pneumonia)
- Drooling and difficulty swallowing (with epiglottitis)
How it spreads
Spread through respiratory droplets, coughs and sneezes from infected individuals.
Why it's serious
Hib meningitis can develop rapidly and can be fatal or leave children with permanent disability. Vaccination has dramatically reduced Hib disease but it has not been eliminated.
- Bacterial meningitis. Can cause permanent brain damage or hearing loss
- Pneumonia
- Life-threatening epiglottitis (throat swelling)
- Bloodstream infection (septicaemia)
Most at risk: Children under 5, especially infants under 1 year. Children with weakened immune systems are at higher risk.
How to prevent Hib disease
Vaccination is the most effective protection. Hib disease is prevented by:
Treatment
Hib infections are treated with antibiotics in hospital. Meningitis in particular requires urgent treatment. Early recognition is critical. Do not wait if you are concerned.
Common questions
Sources
- Hib vaccines: WHO position paper · WHO, 2013.
Information on this page is compiled from authoritative public health sources and written in TinyDose's own voice. It is intended for general understanding only. Always follow your pediatrician's guidance.
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This information is provided by TinyDose for general understanding only and is not medical advice. Vaccine names, ages and doses can vary by country, brand and individual circumstances. Always follow the guidance of your pediatrician or local health authority for your child’s vaccination schedule.
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