Typhoid
A bacterial infection spread through contaminated food and water.
Reviewed by TinyDose editorial team
Typhoid is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi that spreads through contaminated food and water and causes a sustained high fever and abdominal illness. It remains common in parts of India and other regions with variable sanitation. The typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) can be given from infancy and offers long-lasting protection.
Symptoms
- Sustained high fever, typically rising gradually and lasting 1-4 weeks
- Stomach pain and discomfort
- Headache and weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Occasionally: rose-coloured spots on the abdomen
How it spreads
Faecal-oral route, through contaminated water, food handled by infected people, or raw produce grown in contaminated water.
Why it's serious
Typhoid can be life-threatening without treatment, but responds well to antibiotics when caught early. Drug-resistant strains are becoming more common, another reason TCV vaccination is recommended.
- Intestinal bleeding or perforation, a medical emergency
- Meningitis in severe cases
- Carrier state, some people continue to shed bacteria without symptoms after recovery
Most at risk: Children aged 5-15 are most commonly affected in India. Travellers to endemic regions without vaccination are also at risk.
How to prevent Typhoid
Vaccination is the most effective protection. Typhoid is prevented by:
Treatment
Typhoid is treated with antibiotics. The specific antibiotic depends on local resistance patterns. Adequate fluids and rest are important. Do not delay seeking care for a child with prolonged high fever.
Common questions
Sources
- Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper · WHO, 2018.
Information on this page is compiled from authoritative public health sources and written in TinyDose's own voice. It is intended for general understanding only. Always follow your pediatrician's guidance.
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This information is provided by TinyDose for general understanding only and is not medical advice. Vaccine names, ages and doses can vary by country, brand and individual circumstances. Always follow the guidance of your pediatrician or local health authority for your child’s vaccination schedule.
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